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AF泡沫泵與螺桿泵的相似之處
螺桿泵是容積泵的一種，是由幾個(gè)相互嚙合的螺桿間容積變化來輸送液體的容積轉(zhuǎn)子泵。根據(jù)互相嚙合同時(shí)工作的螺桿數(shù)目的不同，螺桿泵通?？煞譃閱温輻U泵和多螺桿泵(雙螺桿、
三螺桿，五螺桿等)。按螺桿軸向安裝位置還可分為臥式和立式兩種。螺桿泵的主要特點(diǎn)是流量連續(xù)均勻，工作平穩(wěn)，脈動(dòng)小，流量隨壓力變化很小;運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)比齒輪泵平穩(wěn)，無振動(dòng)和噪聲;泵的轉(zhuǎn)速較高，目前有高達(dá)1000r/mim。另外泵的吸入性能較好，允許輸送黏度變化范圍大的介質(zhì)。螺桿泵流量大(0， 5~2000m3/h)。排出壓力高(400*10Pa), 效率高。其中三螺桿泵常用于石油化工廠輸送機(jī)泵裝置的潤滑油和密封油，在油庫和泵站中常作為輻助用泵來輸送潤滑油、燃料油、柴油和中等黏度的原油。由于螺桿泵無離心泵的汽蝕問題，故雙吸臥式雙螺桿泵在油田中廣泛地用于油氣混輸。
一、螺桿泵的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理
1. 單螺桿泵
單螺桿泵是一種按回轉(zhuǎn)內(nèi)嚙合容積式原理工作的泵,主要由偏心轉(zhuǎn)子和固定的襯套定子構(gòu)成。轉(zhuǎn)子和定子都具有特殊的幾何形狀，它們?cè)诒玫膬?nèi)部形成多個(gè)密封的工作腔，隨著轉(zhuǎn)子的旋轉(zhuǎn),這些密封工作腔在一端不斷地形成,在另一端不斷地消失 。各密封腔可連續(xù)無脈動(dòng)地從一端吸入液體，并從另一端壓出。單螺桿泵中的液體是沿軸向均勻流動(dòng)的，且內(nèi)部流速較低,由于容積保持不變,因而不會(huì)形成渦流和攪動(dòng),從而對(duì)所輸送的液體無壓損。典型的單螺桿泵結(jié)構(gòu)如圖2-1所示。
單螺桿泵由于獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作特性，與活塞泵、離心泵、葉片泵、齒輪泵相比具有下列諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)；能輸送高固體含量的介質(zhì);流量均勻，壓力穩(wěn)定低轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)更為明顯；流量與泵的轉(zhuǎn)速成正比，因而具有良好的變量調(diào)節(jié)性；泵多用于輸送不同黏度的介質(zhì)；泵的安裝位置可以任意傾斜，具有體積小、重量輕、噪聲低、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單以及維修方便等特點(diǎn)。
單螺桿泵目前在石油鉆采和石油輸送中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。
2，多螺桿泵
多螺桿泵有雙螺桿泵、三螺桿泵、五螺桿泵，其中常見的是雙螺桿泵和三螺桿泵，這種泵其中一根是主動(dòng)螺桿,呈右旋凸螺桿,其余為從動(dòng)螺桿，呈左旋凹螺桿。
1)雙螺桿泵
雙螺桿泵是外嚙合的螺桿泵，它利用相互嚙合、互不接觸的兩根螺桿來抽送液體，一根為主動(dòng)桿,另一根為從動(dòng)桿,其結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理如圖2-2所示。雙螺桿泵作為一種容積式泵，泵內(nèi)吸入室應(yīng)與排出室嚴(yán)密地隔開。當(dāng)螺桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí),吸入腔容積增大,壓力降低,液體在泵內(nèi)外壓差作用下沿吸入管進(jìn)入吸入腔。隨著螺桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，密封腔內(nèi)的液體連續(xù)均勻地沿軸向移動(dòng)到
Similarity between AF foam pump and screw pump
Screw pump is a kind of positive displacement pump. It is a kind of volumetric rotor pump which transfers liquid by changing the volume of several meshing screws. According to the different number of screws working in contact with each other, the screw pump can be divided into single screw pump and multi screw pump (twin-screw pump, multi screw pump)
Three screw, five screw, etc.). According to the screw axial installation position can also be divided into horizontal and vertical two. The main characteristics of screw pump are continuous and uniform flow, stable work, small pulsation, small flow rate with pressure change; the operation of gear pump is stable, without vibration and noise; the pump speed is high, up to 1000r / MIM. In addition, the suction performance of the pump is good, allowing the delivery of medium with a wide range of viscosity changes. The flow rate of screw pump is large (0,5 ~ 2000m3 / h). High discharge pressure (400 * 10Pa) and high efficiency. Among them, three screw pump is often used for lubricating oil and sealing oil of conveyor pump device in petrochemical plant, and is often used as radial auxiliary pump in oil depot and pump station to transport lubricating oil, fuel oil, diesel oil and medium viscosity crude oil. Because the screw pump has no cavitation problem of centrifugal pump, the double suction horizontal twin screw pump is widely used in oil and gas mixed transportation in oilfield.
1、 Structure and working principle of screw pump
1. Single screw pump
Single screw pump is a kind of pump which works according to the principle of rotary internal meshing volume type. It is mainly composed of eccentric rotor and fixed bushing stator. The rotor and stator have special geometry, they form a number of sealed working cavities in the pump. With the rotation of the rotor, these sealing working cavities are constantly formed at one end and disappear at the other end. The liquid can be sucked in from one end continuously and pressed out from the other end. The liquid in the single screw pump flows uniformly along the axial direction, and the internal flow rate is low. As the volume remains unchanged, it will not form vortex and agitation, so that there is no pressure loss to the liquid delivered. A typical single screw pump structure is shown in Figure 2-1.
Compared with piston pump, centrifugal pump, vane pump and gear pump, single screw pump has the following advantages due to its unique structure and working characteristics; The flow rate is uniform, the pressure is stable, and it is more obvious when the speed is low; the flow rate is proportional to the pump speed, so it has good variable adjustability; the pump is mostly used to transport the medium with different viscosity; the installation position of the pump can be arbitrarily inclined, with the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low noise, simple structure and convenient maintenance.
Single screw pump is widely used in oil drilling and oil transportation.
2. Multi screw pump
Multi screw pump has twin-screw pump, three screw pump, five screw pump, of which the common are twin-screw pump and three-screw pump. One of the pumps is an active screw, which is a right-hand convex screw, and the rest is a driven screw, which is a left-hand concave screw.
1) Twin screw pump
Twin screw pump is an external meshing screw pump. It uses two screws which are meshed and do not contact each other to pump liquid. One is the driving rod, the other is the driven rod. Its structure and working principle are shown in Fig. 2-2. Twin screw pump as a positive displacement pump, pump suction chamber and discharge chamber should be closely separated. When the screw rotates, the volume of the suction chamber increases and the pressure decreases, and the liquid enters the suction chamber along the suction pipe under the effect of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pump. With the screw rotation, the liquid in the seal chamber continuously and evenly moves along the axial direction
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